jeecpjournal

In iran, one of the most important challenges is the identification and optimal selection of oil and gas projects and opportunities for exploration and production (E&P) companies, considering financial and technical constraints. this study aims to propose a systematic model for the optimal selection of E&P project portfolios based on the characteristics of iranian companies and the country's financial conditions. initially, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, and 39 project selection criteria were collected from previous studies. after evaluation by subject matter experts, 38 criteria were selected as suitable for the conditions of iran's oil and gas industry. then, the best-worst method (BWM) was used to determine the weights of these criteria, and the top ten criteria with the highest weights were identified. finally, the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method was applied to prioritize the projects. the results show that this model can serve as a strong tool in the process of managing oil and gas project portfolios. however, the main limitation of this study is its dependence on the country's political and economic conditions, which can significantly affect the criteria weights and final outcomes.

This paper aims at evaluating the barriers of implementing effective Configuration Management System (CMS) for Esfahan Oil Refinery Company (EORC)’s projects. CMS is one of the fundamental project management systems in business and production systems. The paper performs a document review as well as expert elicitation to extract required information to achieve the research objective. For expert elicitation, the most important technique is Delphi. Moreover, the major employed analytical model is structural analysis, by applying MICMAC software. The research findings show that for implementing CMS in the EORC, among 19 diagnosed items, the three first-ranked barriers are lack of senior management support for CMS, lack of resources, and absence of practical CMS tools. The authors hope the findings of this paper help the EORC’s managers and policy makers, to facilitate the platforms to establish CMS in the refinery.

Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) is a complex, multi-phase technique that enhances hydrocarbon recovery by injecting chemicals such as polymers, surfactants, and alkalis into reservoirs. Despite its potential, CEOR faces significant technical, economic, and operational risks, especially during early project development. Effective risk management is essential to ensure success, and pilot testing plays a key role in validating reservoir response and chemical performance before full-scale deployment. This study applies the Risk Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (RFMEA), an advanced version of traditional FMEA, to systematically identify, assess, and prioritize CEOR project risks. Through a comprehensive literature review and expert surveys, 26 key risks were identified and classified into four categories: general CEOR risks, offshore-specific risks, polymer flooding risks, and risks related to chemical combinations. The analysis revealed that permeability reduction, high salinity in offshore settings, reservoir heterogeneities, polymer and chemical adsorption, and polymer yield are the most critical factors affecting CEOR efficiency. These risks can impair fluid mobility, reduce chemical effectiveness, and increase project costs. RFMEA enables a structured evaluation of these risks, helping decision-makers prioritize mitigation actions, optimize chemical formulations, and improve project outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating RFMEA into the early planning phase of CEOR projects to reduce uncertainties, enhance reliability, and maximize recovery efficiency. By proactively addressing risks, operators can increase the likelihood of successful CEOR implementation and achieve better economic returns. The findings support the use of systematic risk assessment tools in complex oil recovery operations, particularly in challenging environments such as offshore reservoirs.

As we know spectroscopy studying is one the most important subjects in Chemistry. One of the most important types of spectroscopy measurements to indicate the structural properties such as type and number of atoms is NMR study. For this mean, we need to synthesis of new compounds and we should try for studying their spectroscopy properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new macroacyclic Schiff base ligand (H₃L) obtained from the condensation reaction of 2-[3-(formylphenoxy)-2-hydroxy propoxy] benzaldehydewith 2-aminophenol and characterized with IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectrometry. The related metal complexes of Cd(II) and Zn(II) are prepared with above ligand and characterized by ¹³C,¹HNMR, IR and elemental analysis spectroscopy methods. The spectroscopy studying of the prepared compounds in this paper shows that all of them are pure. In addition, the microanalysis results show that the phenolic groups coordinated to the metal ions as OH and the proton hasn’t separated.In the¹H NMR spectrum of the cadmium complex signal of the imine proton has two satellite peaks with intensities in 1:6:1 due to the coupling with neighboring ¹¹³Cd NMR spectroscopy

Today, the most of the oil reservoirs are in their second half of life, and most of their oil has been mined while still, over 50% of the oil remains in the reservoir, which cannot be produced on their own. For this reason, to produce the remaining oil, chemical oil recovery methods can be used, including smart water (engineering water) injection, which can be used for improving the oil recovery process. The main mechanism is mainly the change in the wettability of the reservoir rock to water-wet and reduction of oil-water interfacial tension (IFT) to some extent. The smart water formulated, the single and binary systems preparation method is divided into two groups: in the first group salts (single systems) such as NaCl, KCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂, Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄, CaSO₄, and K₂SO₄ are made each individually at concentrations of 1,000,2,000,4,000 and 10,000 ppm. For the second group (binary systems), the investigated salts divided into two parts of chlorates and sulphates then combine each of the chlorate salts with different sulphates ions with equal ratios (1,000+1,000, 2,000+2,000, 4,000+4,000, and 10,000+10,000 ppm) in distilled water. Then, the effects of the dissolution of these salts on interfacial tension and contact angle between water, oil, sandstone, and carbonate rocks were studied. The optimum point for the solution of CaSO₄+MgCl₂ at the concentration of 4,000+4,000 ppm for both sandstone and carbonate rock were obtained. Finally, the optimum point was used for the flooding test and the result of flooding test for the carbonate rock reduces the OOIP up to 51.9%, and for the sandstone rock, the reduction is 60.2%.

Global concerns about climate change have increasingly drawn the attention of the banking industry to environmental performance. In this context, the concept of Green Banking has emerged as a key strategy for mitigating negative environmental impacts and promoting investment in sustainable development projects. Given its central role in achieving environmental sustainability, green banking has become one of the main priorities in the policies of financial institutions. This study aims to evaluate the environmental performance of banks in the context of sustainable development. The research employs an analytical-descriptive method based on content analysis, combined with semi-structured interviews with 25 experts in the fields of economics, banking, and environmental science. Additionally, Expert Choice 11 software was used to support the analysis. The study focuses on both domestic banks (Parsian Bank, Tejarat Bank, Mellat Bank, Cooperatives Development Bank, and especially Bank Melli Iran) and international banks (Triodos Bank, NatWest, BNP Paribas, and GLS Bank). The findings indicate that by adopting green strategies and advancing sustainable financial services, Bank Melli can not only enhance its environmental performance but also attract new customers and boost its brand reputation. This requires the development of systems for assessing the risk of environmental project performance, allocating resources to green projects, and designing and offering green financial products. Furthermore, collaboration with other institutions and non-governmental organizations can significantly contribute to the promotion of green banking and foster innovation within the industry. Ultimately, this research offers recommendations to strengthen Bank Melli's role in environmental preservation and advance sustainable development goals.